Formations

Craters, calderas, rifts, dunes, and badlands: landforms shaped by impact, fire, wind, and water.

Bardenas Reales Badlands in the Paper palette: Clay and sandstone badlands carved into mesas and gullies in Navarre.

Bardenas Reales

Clay and sandstone badlands carved into mesas and gullies in Navarre.

Crater Lake Caldera in the Ink and River palette: A lake in the caldera of Mount Mazama, which collapsed about 7,700 years ago.

Crater Lake

A lake in the caldera of Mount Mazama, which collapsed about 7,700 years ago.

Great Rift Valley Naivasha in the Ink and River palette: The floor of the Eastern Rift around Lake Naivasha, between the Mau and Aberdare escarpments.

Great Rift Valley

The floor of the Eastern Rift around Lake Naivasha, between the Mau and Aberdare escarpments.

Lake Toba Caldera in the Ink and River palette: The lake in the Toba supervolcano caldera, with Samosir island rising in its middle.

Lake Toba

The lake in the Toba supervolcano caldera, with Samosir island rising in its middle.

Manicouagan Reservoir Reservoir in the Ink and River palette: A ring-shaped reservoir filling the eroded moat of an impact crater about 214 million years old.

Manicouagan Reservoir

A ring-shaped reservoir filling the eroded moat of an impact crater about 214 million years old.

Namib Sand Sea Dunes in the Paper palette: Star and linear dunes of the Namib around the Sossusvlei clay pan.

Namib Sand Sea

Star and linear dunes of the Namib around the Sossusvlei clay pan.

Richat Structure Structure in the Paper palette: Concentric rings of eroded rock about 40 km across in the Sahara.

Richat Structure

Concentric rings of eroded rock about 40 km across in the Sahara.

Þingvellir Rift in the Night River palette: A rift valley where the North American and Eurasian plates pull apart, beside Þingvallavatn.

Þingvellir

A rift valley where the North American and Eurasian plates pull apart, beside Þingvallavatn.